Death of a Salesman versus The Cats Table Essay example

Both works â€Å"The Cats Table† and Death of a Salesman demonstrate that everything is not always as it seems. This idea is presented through the use of setting, point of view and symbols. There is always more to things than what meets the eye and everything is not always as it seems. Setting plays such a large role in initiating the story and setting the feeling, the entire story revolves around setting. Where the story is told from can change the story entirely, someone may over exaggerate, or even under exaggerate what occurs throughout the story. Symbols really help the audience to better understand the story, uprooting deeper meaning or plainly helping get a point across to us, the readers. All of these attributes will help to prove that†¦show more content†¦In Death of a Salesman the story is not told from a narrative point of view, there is no narrator whatsoever. But if a narrative role did occur from Willy Loman the story would have changed completely. Inst ead of Willy appearing to be a tragic hero, he would be taken as a narcissistic fool. WILLY: [with pity and resolve]: â€Å"I’ll see him in the morning; I’ll have a nice talk with him. I’ll get him a job selling. He could be big in no time. My God! Remember how they used to follow him around in high school? When he smiled at one of them their faces lit up. When he walked down the street†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [He loses himself in reminiscences.] (Act 1) Willy is unrealistic and cocky; therefore he cannot provide a true representation of the play. â€Å"The Cats Table† the narrator is a young boy named Michael, who is sneaky and devious. The story is told from his point of view, capturing the reader’s attention because of course the child interprets everything to be captivating and thrilling. [INSERT QUOTE] If the story had been told from an outsider’s point of view, it would not have been so dynamic and interesting. One of many important literary de vices is symbols, which bring deeper meaning to otherwise unimportant items. In Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, we see very distinct symbols which help us better understand the points Miller is trying to get across. One of the many important symbols

Strategic Planning at BP - 1198 Words

The planning function is where management seeks to design corporate actions that will help the organization meet its strategic objectives. The strategic planning process is usually step-based, in order to ensure that the organization takes a proactive approach to planning, rather than a reactive approach. The strategic planning process begins with setting the corporate mission and objectives as the first step. Most corporations will have a broad vision for the company and a mission that are expressed in statements so that all of the corporations stakeholders will be able to understand these things about the company. BPs stated business model is to create value across the entire hydrocarbon value chain Ã¥ ­Ëœtarting with exploration and ending with the supply of energy and other products fundamental to life (BP.com, 2012). Naturally, BP operates to enhance shareholder wealth as a primary objective. This general process is mirrored at BP. The company uses a structure that emphasizes the different functions exploration, extraction, refining and retailing. The strategic planning process at the highest level of the company seeks to develop and leverage synergies between these different functions. The operating synergies, and the synergies in the marketplace that derive from the use of a consistent name, are key to BPs operating strategy. Each unit within the different functions is designed to earn its own money through whatever means are available. So for example, it is notShow MoreRelatedThe Planning Function at BP1307 Words   |  5 PagesThe planning function consists of a number of different steps, including situational analysis, alternative goals and plans, goal and plan evaluation, goal and plan selection, implementation and monitoring/control. The situation at BP is that the company is working to shake off the effects of the Deepwater Horizon disaster. While that issue rema ins in litigation, the company is continuing onward with its operations, building out its revenues and exploration capacity. The company has remained consistentlyRead MoreOrganizational Planning Paper944 Words   |  4 Pages Organizational Planning Paper Lucionda Garnett MGT/521 April 16, 2014 Mr. W. Eric Hogan Organizational Planning Paper In the last few years, the economic stability in the American society has been at an unprecedented low. Throughout the recession, it has becomeRead MoreThe Planning Function of Management at British Petroleum1241 Words   |  5 PagesBP organization direction Planning function of management British Petroleum (BP) has had their key successes from the various strategies and goals that the organization has which include the companys technology transformation and alignment of objectives to the analysis of its competitors and market conditions. This is what has helped to make BP a successful company. The company believes that the essence of its survival is its ability to gain strategic and competitive advantage which has helpedRead MoreManagement and Company1091 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Imagine you are an executive for BP, and you are preparing a presentation for the board of directors about the organization’s direction. Create a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft  ® PowerPoint  ® presentation, with speaker notes, in which you address the following: †¢ Evaluate the planning function of management as it relates to the organization’s goals and strategies. Use steps in the planning process outlined in the text. †¢ Analyze the influence that legal issues, ethics, and corporate socialRead MoreBP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 905 Words   |  4 PagesCASE STUDY- MINI CASE: BP GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL CASE SUMMARY 1. In a narrative format, summarize the key facts and issues of the case. In the case of the BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill, we examine the effects of an organization not being prepared for this particular crisis. The world scrutinized the actions, inactions, and the human decisions made by BP that led to a major catastrophic crisis. The organization was not prepared for a crisis of this magnitude. Our text stated that this type of negligenceRead MoreBp : The Spill Of The Gulf Of Mexico921 Words   |  4 Pagesan explosion occurred aboard BP contracted Transocean Ltd Deepwater Horizon oil rig stationed in the Gulf of Mexico. Eleven workers were killed instantly. Unfortunately, the BP management did not wake up that morning (or countless mornings before) expecting the event to occur for it took them almost 4 months to clean up the spill. The first month was spent forecasting the rate of the spill and having President Barack Obama tour the site. Only on May 26, 2010 did BP initiate the first form of cleanRead MoreA Report On The Bp Oil Spill Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesBritish Petroleum also known as Anglo Persian Oil Company, and now known as BP. The company has experienced many ups and downs in its past history, but BP became one of the largest energy companies. Over BP history has experienced issues such as environmental damage, hazards that affected its works and issue due to business practices (Thome, Ferrell, Ferrell, 2011). On April 20, 2010 the BP oil spill was the worst in U.S. history. There was a terrible explosion and the sinking to the DeepwaterRead MoreManagement Theory Practice567 Words   |  2 PagesID: A2069927 Planning function management According to Homans (2008)) planning is deciding what to do, how to do it and who is to do it. Steps to be followed: Stating of objectives-the objectives should be clearly stated, precise, stated in quantitative terms, practical, acceptable, workable and achievable Establishing of planning premises Choice of alternative course of action Formulating derivative plans Securing cooperation Conducting follow up. Goals and strategies of Bp Company ToRead MoreImpact Of The On The Oil Industry And Government Agencies1068 Words   |  5 Pagesthe entire Gulf Coast. But out of this calamity changes can come that will reduce the chances of such a tragedy occurring again, not just in deep water drilling but in other high tech, high-risk industries as well.† After, the explosion occurred, the BP crew had made attempts to activate the rig’s blowout preventer, designed to cut off the channel, which was releasing the oil. Instead, the fail-safe mechanism, device malfunctioned as well. With this in mind, a year later the BOP’s forensic analysisRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1094 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolvement of the government. In this paper, there will be discussions of the social responsibility and role of ethics as it relates to the development of a strategic plan and how the ethical perspective of the author’s perspective has evolved through the studies of the Master’s of Business Administration (MBA) program. In business strategic plans, the management team of the company should integrate ethics and by also asking three basic questions, â€Å"What values do we have†, â€Å"What is our purpose†

Methods of Procurement used in Construction - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMethods of Procurement used in Construction Projects. Answer: Introduction There is a range of methods that consultants, developers subcontractors, and various end users in the construction sector may procure. Above all the approach chosen should be one that meets and exceeds the needs of the final consumer (NaoumEgbu, 2015, p. 7). To decide on the appropriate approach to use, various factors need to be taken into consideration. The process of choice of the approach to be used is not an easy activity since achievements of client need to be in line with the chosen approach as it is vital to improving effective outcome of the final project (NaoumEgbu, 2016, p. 310). Before a given approach is chosen, the risks associated with the type of approach and the extent of the impact should first be evaluated. The choice of the project route to adopt will play a greater role in the overall success of it. This report will provide an intensive discussion of the various approaches used in procuring process in the construction industry their various benefits and limitatio ns. Methods of Procurements General/Traditional Contracting approach General contracting is a type of procurement that involves the contractor accepting to build the design that is presented by the employer (Doloi, 2013, p. 224). It is the most approach used in the construction sector. Under this approach, the contractor is only required to come up with the structure as provided and not under any circumstance develop the design. In some cases, the contractor under this approach may be needed to create specific parts of the construction work to be undertaken which are in most cases temporary. The client in most cases employs the services of various consultants to come up with the design of the structure, which is followed by establishing the tender documentation for the project including drawings for the project, work schedules, and preparation of bills of quantities (NaoumEgbu, 2015, p. 9). The price to be charged by the contractor will be based on the bill of the quantities which are prepared by the employer that quantifies every aspect of the work t o be undertaken. Under this approach, where the bill of quantities as not been established, the contractor can price the project using the drawings of the project(Pinto, Slevin English, 2008, p. 640). In general contracting, the client retains the design consultants during the phase of construction for purposes of preparing and review of insider works and additional design information which may be required. They also become beneficial in the final stage of project inspection. Positive aspects of this approach The method is popular among many contractors and employers. The approach is famous because it has been in operation for a while and many individuals are used to it. Thus, it is familiar to a wide range of individuals who are experienced in using it to carry out construction projects(Doloi, 2013, p. 230). It is a tried and tested method of contracting. The approach also offers a significant sense of price certainty.The cost of the project to be undertaken can be easily estimated which is possible if the designer of the contract takes time and carries out a thorough analysis of the requirements of the project before it starts off. General contracting enables the team undertaking the construction to first and foremost come up with a detailed design of every tool they require in the project and the estimated market cost of the same(NaoumEgbu, 2016, p. 315) as it will enable the group to come up with the projected cost of the construction clearly. This is beneficial in that it ensures the employer sets aside adequate resources to complete the project successfully. It gives the employer greater control over the project execution.This method essentially provides the projector owner autonomy of deciding on how it should be carried out due to the fact that the owner of the project controls all the design team and he is in close contact with every step the team undertakes in the whole process of project construction (Alderman Ivory, 2007, p. 385). Consequently, the owner of the project gets the opportunity to correct any anomaly that may be witnessed as the project is in progress. It enables the employer to appoint an independent administrator.General contracting gives the owner of the project a chance to recruit an independent person to act as the contract administrator and carry out the overall project of overseeing the project implementation process (Lesniak Zima, 2013, p. 315).The project owner should ensure he/she recruits individuals who have deep expertise in project implementation and whose record from the previous assignments can be plausible(Strahorn,Gajendren Brewer, 2015, p. 83). The process is open to accountability due to a competitive selection. The entire process of tendering is open and transparent. All the interested suppliers for the various construction materials are required to make final bids to offer these services, and finally, they are selected in an open and detailed process (Jeelani, Al-DosaryKarthikeyan, 2012, p. 12). Drawbacks The main demerit is that the approach in most cases results to disputes within the various groups involved in implementing the project. The split of work between the various individuals and groups can be a source of conflict. Majorly one group is in charge of design as the other undertakes construction. This comes out clear instances of defects in the final project as it becomes difficult to know exactly where the challenges emanated from (OkunlolaOlugbenga, 2010, p. 20). This will lead to finger pointing as no group is ready to accept the blame The method is unsuitable for Public Institutions. Public body projects work with budgetary constraints. Hence, in cases where the design stage is not fully developed before construction starts-off it results to uncertainty in terms of pricing the cost of the project is usually pre-determined and it is not easy for the body carrying out the work of construction to go for more funding because it takes a rigorous process as it requires legislative approval. The approach is time-consuming. The method consumes time because it is sequential. The period to undertake given projects may take a longer time frame than other procurement methods since the process of construction cannot be started as it depends on the drawing of the project design (Strahorn et al., 2015, p. 85). Nonetheless, the traditional contracting approach is ideal.When the client is undertaking a project wishes to appoint designers and contractors to implement a given project.There needs to be a clear guide between the responsibilities of the owner and supervisor project design and the constructor conducting the activity of implementing the same (ChenChen, 2007, p. 476). This process is vital to avoid the blame game in the case of defects after the construction process is completed.The traditional approach is also best suited in cases where the quality of the project is required to be attained, and the whole project has a spelled program with adequate time for carrying of the implementation process.The traditional approach is also well placed to be utilized than other contracting methods in a case where price certainty of the project construction is wanted before the start of the construction process. Design and Construct Approach. Under this approach, the contractor takes the whole responsibility for all or part of the design as clearly spelled out in the contract of service. Here the contractor is responsible for developing and undertaking the construction process of the structure (ForguesKoskela, 2009, p. 373). The function of the employer under this method is only to provide the requirements of the project to be undertaken. The extent to which the designer is liable should be spelt out in the contract before commencing the construction work (Schroeder Hatton, 2012, p. 406). Nonetheless, the input of the constructor may be limited in cases where the employer provides the designs of the scheme to be carried out. Under this approach, most of the operational risk is placed under the contractor. Advantages of the Design and Construct Approach. It offers a single point responsibility.The approach does away with the blame game experienced between the groups engaged in project formulation and implementation.(ForguesKoskela, 2009, p. 376). This attribute is beneficial since it improves the success of the project as it has ensured faster decision making due to the removal of bureaucracy in the construction process(Knotten, Svalestuen, Hansen Ldre, 2015, p. 120). Moreover, it ensures that the resources are optimally utilized as it involves utilization of a single firm. It enhances certainty in the total sum for carrying out the project and cost benefits.Since the contractor is the single contact person in this method, it offers the chance to integrate both the design and the construction processes while implementing the project (Knotten et al., 2015, p. 126). Consequently, this process will enhance the use of the market knowledge and the purchasing power to benefit the client of the project with competitive price in the acquisition of construction materials. The approach is time-saving.Design and build approach allows the contractors to start operations quicker on the site in comparison to other construction methods. Further, it provides a close-knit of the two processes of project design and construction leading to effective project implementation especially in projects which are government-sponsored which need to utilize their allocated expenditure within budgetary periods (RatnasabapathyRameezdeen, 2010, p. 65).Design and build approach guarantees a maximum price a project is expected to absorb with an apparent savings option plan. Therefore, this can significantly result to constructors devising ways of reducing project time. Above all the approach gives the contractor a chance to contribute to the process of design hence improving the final quality of the project. Negative aspects of this approach Clients experiences difficulties in comparing the bids from various contractors since they will present different designs at different costs. Design and construct approach can be costly in cases where there is a change scope of the initial design. It limits the liability of the design to the standard contracts signed and available, anything beyond that cannot be borne by the designer of the contract (Hackett, Robinson Statham, 2007, p. 57). The approach is best utilized in projects of constructions that are not for prestigious purposes since the building is simple and does not entail much innovation. Construction Management Approach(C M) In this approach, a client appoints a manager to be in charge of the construction.CM approach is defined as a project implementation method where "the client selects design and cost consultants for a fee(Solis-Carcano, Corona-Suarez Garcia-Ibarra, 2015, p. 57). Hence the manager acts and takes orders on project implementation from the client. The contractor cannot give a guarantee on the actual cost to be incurred and the time frame of the project as he takes instructions from the client Advantages of Construction and Management approach. Low construction cost.The cost incurred in the construction of projects using the C M approach is less in comparison to the profit made by the general contractor. The time for construction is reduced because it utilizes fast tracking techniques. The period is also shortened through the overlapping of the design and construction processes (Solis-Carcano et al., 2015, p. 59). Moreover, the approach is also beneficial in that it ensures there are project and client suitability in the final project. The negative aspects of C M approach It is difficult to estimate the final cost of the project prior to completion.Hence, can lead to price uncertainty. Again, CM deters the owner from being in direct control of the design process which may ultimately result in dispute with the agent supervising it (Kristensen, Ldre, SvalestuenLohne, 2015, p. 600). Additionally, CM is time-consuming as it requires close supervision. The client is also under an obligation to provide adequate resources and a detailed brief on the project design. The approach is best suited in contracts that are complex in nature and require a faster completion. Conclusion. In conclusion, it is clear that different projects require different procurement projects for them to be effectively implemented. Nevertheless, all the procurement approaches have their limitations hence every group undertaking a particular approach need to first accurately evaluate their requirements and address the same for the projects to be successful. A comprehensive evaluation will provide the ground for applying the most suited method that will ensure the organization or clients accomplishes the ultimate aims. References Alderman, N. Ivory, C. (2007) Partnering in Major Contracts: Paradox and Metaphor.International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 386-393. Chen, W.T. Chen, T.T. (2007).Critical success factors for construction partnering in Taiwan. International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 25, no. 5, pp.475-84 Doloi, H. (2013). Empirical Analysis of Traditional Contracting and Relationship Agreements for Procuring Partners in Construction Projects. Journal Management In Engineering, Vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 224235. Forgues, D. Koskela, L. (2009). The influence of a collaborative procurement approach using integrated design in construction on project team performance. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business Vol. 2 No. 3, pp.370-385 Hackett, M. Robinson, I., Statham, G. (2007). The Aqua Group Guide to Procurement, Tendering Contract Administration. Revised and updated (3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 50-123 Jeelani, S.A.K., Al-Dosary, A.S. Karthikeyan, J. (2012). Empirical evaluation of the performance of construction management at-risk (CM at-Risk) project delivery system with and without agency-CM. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Vol. 2 no. 2, pp.1-12. Knotten, V., Svalestuen, F., Hansen, G.K. and Ldre, O. (2015). Design management in the building process-a review of current literature. Procedia Economics and Finance, vol. 21, pp.120-127. Kristensen, K., Ldre, O., Svalestuen, F. Lohne, J. (2015).Contract Models and Compensation Formats in the Design Process. In 23rd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, pp. 599-608 Lesniak, A. Zima, K. (2013). Design and build procurements in the polish public sector. Journal of Public Procurement, vol. 13, no.3, p.315. Naoum, S. Egbu, C., (2015).A critical review of procurement method research in construction journals.Procedia Economics and Finance, Vol. 21, pp.6-13. Naoum, S.G. Egbu, C. (2016). Modern selection criteria for procurement methods in construction: A state-of-the-art literature review and a survey. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Vol. 9 no. 2, pp.309-336. Okunlola, O. Olugbenga, A. (2010).Developing a decision support system for the selection of appropriate procurement method for a building project in Nigeria.Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, pp.18-30. Pinto, J.K., Slevin, D.P. English, B. (2008). Trust in projects: An empirical assessment of owner/contractor relationships. International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 27, no.6, pp.638-48. Ratnasabapathy, S. Rameezdeen, R. (2010).A decision support system for the selection of best procurement system in construction.Built-Environment Sri Lanka, Vol. 7, no.2, pp. 58-98 Schroeder, K. Hatton, M. (2012). Rethinking risk in development projects: from management to resilience. Development in Practice, Vol. 22 no. 3, pp.409-416. Solis-Carcano, R.G., Corona-Suarez, G.A. Garcia-Ibarra, A.J. (2015).The Use of Project Time Management Processes and the Schedule Performance of Construction Projects in Mexico.Journal of Construction Engineering, pp. 55-98 Strahorn, S., Gajendren, T. Brewer, G. (2015). The influence of trust in traditional contracting: investigating the lived experience of stakeholders. Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 81-101.

ULTRAVIOLET RAYS DNA FACTORS THAT Essay Example For Students

ULTRAVIOLET RAYS DNA FACTORS THAT Essay BIOLOGY RESEARCH PAPERULTRAVIOLET RAYS DNA FACTORS THATINFLUENCE SKIN CANCER BY PATRICE WILLIAMSBSC1005 LIFE IN ITS BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTPROFESSOR MOOREJuly 30, 2001 Ultraviolet Rays DNA Factors thatInfluence Skin Cancer Cancer, its a disease that has claim the lives of millions, its a disease that so far has no known cure, and its a disease that has many different forms. Cancer is defined as a malignant form of tumors, which are tissue masses that arise through mutations in the genes that govern cell growth and division (Starr, 1999, p. 213). Skin cancer is just one of the many forms of cancer that effects us and is the most common cancer in the U.S. Like so many others, I would assume that the major cause of skin cancer was the ultraviolet rays from the sun. However, there are other factors involved. Our DNA plays a major role in how cancer affects us, it has a major role in genetics too, therefore, environmental and heredity both are factors that assume roles in the effects of cancer. In order to understand these two factors, they must be defined and explained. If they both have major effects on the way skin cancer affects an individual, than what are some preventive measures that we need to know about each. We will write a custom essay on ULTRAVIOLET RAYS DNA FACTORS THAT specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now First, skin cancer and our skin structure must be defined and explained. It is a form of cancer, which is a mutation in the genes that affect cell growth and division. Skin cancer is a disease in which malignant cells are found in the outer layer of the skin (HYPERLINK http://www.azumc.com http://www.azumc.com). One form of skin cancer is melanoma, is the rarest but the most virulent of the skin cancers. It is responsible for 75% of all deaths from cancer. It is a cancer that arises in the melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin. Melanin is the pigment that gives our skin, hair, and eyes their color and that allows us to tan (Schofield Robinson, 2000, p. 1). Melanocytes are located throughout the body, in the retina of the eye and in the linings of the mouth, nose, anus, rectum, vagina, and spinal cord, (Schofield Robinson, 2000, p. 6). However, majority of them are located in the skin. The purpose of these cells are to make melanin to protect our skin cells from the suns ultra violet rays (UV rays). The melanocyte cells are found between the dermis (the second layer of skin) and the epidermis (the outermost layer of skin). Normally every ten cells found within the epidermis and dermis are melanocytes the others are cells called keratinocytes. Melanin is made inside the melanocytes then is transferred along the cells long arms (dendrites) to nearby keratinocytes in the epidermis. Melanoma arises when there is an uncontrollable increase in the reproduction of melanocyte cells. Although, skin cancer mostly develops just below the skins surface, where an existing mole is located, it can get into the blood vessels and lymphatic channels in the dermis and travel throughout the body. Basically, cancer develops when there is an abnormal growth or reproduction in cells. One of the factors of that can cause skin cancer in humans is Ultraviolet light (UV). Ultraviolet (UV) light is essential for life because it is used by plants to generate their energy (and in turn, of course, people and animals generate much of their energy from plants.) (Schofield Robinson, 2000, p. 21). However, that same UV rays from the sun causes the damage to the melanocyte cells, which brings the onsite of melanoma. UVA, UVB, and UVC are three kinds of ultraviolet lights.