Stress And Its Effect On Our Lives - 1494 Words

Sinister Stress Everyone has stress, but not everyone realizes the impact it has on their lives. Most people don’t realize or understand the amount of stress they are under. What used to be considered extreme levels of stress has become normal in today’s society. Most people, adults especially, don’t realize that teens largely experience these high levels of stress. Before talking about the stress that teens experience, though, it is best to understand what stress is and why one has it. Stress is a natural response and reaction the body experiences to things that occur in life, both to and around a person. Humans have had stress since their first creation. It is a survival instinct, enabling our flight or fight mode, only nowadays it has†¦show more content†¦It is a constant pressure that sits on a teen’s shoulders. Adults are constantly pushing students to work harder, get better grades, get to class on time, and have all their work finished and done correctly ( Gregson par. 3). What’s so hard about that? one might think. Well, what most people don’t realize it that it is harder than it sounds. Many teens are involved in extracurricular activities, like clubs, sports, and jobs as well. There is only so much in a day and so many things that they have to do within that limited amount of time. Teens are at school most of the day, then many of them either have to go to some sort of practice, meeting, job, or do chores at home. Usually by the time they are free to do their homework it is late. Not to mention the sizable amounts of homework that is dolled out to them. Sometimes they are given large amounts of work in just one class, along with the work they may receive in the many other classes they are enrolled in. Fear is also another stressor teens experience much of. Teens have the constant fear of not being enough, not doing enough, and most of all failure in life (Lee 4-5). Fear somewhat relates to the stress teens experience because of school- fear of a bad grade, fear of not getting their homework done on time, fear of being late to class, or even fear of not being able to understand what is being taught. While school and fear are obvious sources of stress

Compare and Contrast of the Three Faces of Power - 1821 Words

Some theorists believe that ‘power is everywhere: not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere†¦ power is not an institution, nor a structure, nor possession. It is the name we give to a complex strategic situation in a particular society. (Foucault, 1990: 93) This is because power is present in each individual and in every relationship. It is defined as the ability of a group to get another group to take some form of desired action, usually by consensual power and sometimes by force. (Holmes, Hughes Julian, 2007) There have been a number of differing views on ‘power over’ the many years in which it has been studied. Theorist such as Anthony Gidden in his works on structuration theory attempts to integrate basic†¦show more content†¦Luke’s one-dimensional view of power is centred on this concept and in order to develop understanding as to how power is achieved and maintained within society, an analyses of decision-ma king in the public arena must be made. It also contests that the group that holds and maintains power can be determined by looking at who succeeds when there is political conflict. (Lukes, 1974:12) It emphasises the importance of the observed behaviour of those in power and analyses the effects on the wider community when making decisions (Lukes 1974:25) Lukes spends a lot of time discussing Dahl’s theory of power through his own theory. The power held by a specific group may be either, ‘overt’ or ‘covert’ but the triumph of power is at the point is during the decision-making process and when these decision have been made, especially, those of the controversial nature of ones centred around the most conflict (Lukes, 1974:13) The one dimensional view of power proposed by Lukes is the most straightforward of the three dimensions. In a way, it is also the easiest to observe, as the power structure through decision-making is more translucent and has a lo t of clear definable features. The two-dimensional view or second face of power discusses the non-decision making and how the group or individual controls what is put on the political agenda. This form of power is power through agenda setting. The perspective of theShow MoreRelatedDescription of Different Feelings in Sonnets Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesthis essay, I am going to look in detail at three sonnets showing very different feelings. I will show all the main features and try to explain what the writers were trying to show and underline in there sonnets. Each of the three sonnets I have chosen are by different writers and also from different centuries, I have decided to look at ‘God’s Grandeur’ by G.M Hopkins, ‘Death be Not Proud’ by John Donne and also ‘Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day’ by William ShakespeareRead MorePersuasion Of The Book : The Book Thief And Meiin Kampf744 Words   |  3 Pagesgargantuan amounts of power, and they could render an abysmal or euphoric event based on how they are used. The Book Thief, by Markus Zusak, and Mein Kampf, by Adolf Hitler, are both famous novels that relate to the Holocaust. The Book Thief takes place in the Holocaust and tells of the struggle that the Hubermann family and Liesel endure. Meanwhile, Mein Kampf is a book that Hitler wrote to explain his views and convince people to think the same as him. One could compare and contrast persuasion, toneRead MoreBauhinia: Milk and Specialty Food Industry Essay665 Words   |  3 Pagesdistribution channels. Economics scale is achievable by building new capacities in jumps in the dairy industry. It cohere mainly with specialized equipment, which is used for production of milk and milk product. b)Rivalry among existing firms Oligopoly-three dominant firms: Nestle, Kowloon dairy, Trappist dairy Stages of the industry life cycle: Maturity Stage the dairy product has been standardized: liquid and powdered milk yogurt cheese dairy desserts widely available on the market: Supermarket Read MoreThe Face Of Battle By John Keegan880 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Keegan describes his book, The Face of Battle, as a personal attempt to catch a glimpse of the face of battle. This personal aspect that Keegan mentions is essential to his book and is excellently articulated, driving home his point. Keegan, who taught at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst for over 25 years, begins by acknowledging his uneasiness with the fact that even though he taught British cadets military history, I have not been in a battle; not near one, nor heard one from afar, norRead MoreStalin and Mao960 Words   |  4 PagesSchool-based Assessment Task One Study Outline Name of Student : Cheng Ho Wai, Gavin Class : 5A Class No.: 06 Title : Compare and contrast economic policies of Stalin (5 Years Plan) and Mao (First 5 Year Plan Three Red Banners) Study Outline : The first half of the 20th century saw the rise of some single-party states and the rise to power of some of the famous and controversial figures. Leaders of these states, such as Hitler, Mao and Stalin, not only influenced otherRead More Symbolism In Macbeth1097 Words   |  5 Pagesplays a prominent role to emphasize the theme of corruption of power. Throughout the play there are several main symbols repeatedly used to emphasize this theme. The contrast of light and dark representing good and evil, blood representing guilt, murder, and pain, and the archetypal pattern of purification by using water represents removal of guilt, cleansing and peace. Symbolism is used repeatedly to emphasize the theme of corruption of power. The image of blood plays an important role throughoutRead MoreDistinctivly Visual Douglas Stewart Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagespainting â€Å"Down On His Luck†. Stewart conveys his experiences of Feelings towards nature, as well as his past situations in relation to nature. This is demonstrated through the use of various techniques, such as personification, similes’, imagery and contrasts. Mccubbin, however uses visual techniques such as vector lines, colour and salience. Ultimately, both composers express the importance of nature through distinctive images creating different purpose of nature and how it affects people. Nature andRead MoreAnalysis Of Van Eyck s Arnolfini Wedding940 Words   |  4 Pagesended the paper saying I will compare this painting to another, and I chose Van Eyck’s Arnolfini Wedding. The contrast and the similarities are great between the two the artist. First of all they’re both oil painters and from Northern Europe, specifically Netherlands. Although they’re from the same location, the both lived in two different time eras being 200 years apart from another. Starting with the composition of the figures of Hendrick’s painting we see three human figures and an animal. TheRead MoreThe Beauty Standard On The Average Person1237 Words   |  5 PagesMonkey see, monkey do is an unfortunate saying that captures the effect of the beauty standard on the average person. Our culture and industry bombard us with images of women with features far from the norm. This has caused many women to look and compare themselves with a very unnatural image. Many have tried to replicate the model body they see, without considering the harm that it could cause. The beauty standard today is not what it should be because the industry is manipulative, it makes womenRead MoreComparing Attitudes Toward Love in First Love, Shall I Compare Thee, Porphyrias Love and The Flea1055 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Attitudes Toward Love in First Love, Shall I Compare Thee, Porphyrias Love and The Flea Love is an uncontrollable emotion experienced by everybody at some time. There are many different types of love, whether its between mother and child, friends, lovers or a shop-a-holic and her credit card. Many poets have written on the subject of love and tried to capture the essence of the indescribable

Waiting for Godot - Samuel Beckett Nothing Happens,...

Waiting For Godot By Samuel Beckett â€Å"Nothing happens. Nobody comes, nobody goes. It’s awful.† How far do you agree? Initially written in French in 1948 as â€Å"En Attendant Godot†, Samuel Beckett’s play was first staged in 1952, in Paris. It represents one of the most important movements of the twentieth century and is an example of the so-called â€Å"Theatre of the Absurd†, which had subsequently inspired numerous plays that were based on the idea of an illogical universe. The plot of the play is fairly simple and is, in fact, purely a development of its title. Its description is rather ambiguous, for while one may think that no action whatsoever takes place throughout the play, another might suppose otherwise. Principally, the story includes†¦show more content†¦They now lead a meaningless life (as meaningless as their constant exclamations and unsuccessful conversations), losing track of time and memory, passing time, existing: Estragon: â€Å"We always find something, eh Didi, to give us the impression we exist?† They merely exist, breathe, walk and eat. All these verbs are included in the play, for they give us the illusion of reality on the stage. However, far from that, the vagabonds are simply emblems of despair. These religious beliefs prevail in the play, placing faith under the spotlight of doubt. It is a scandalous topic, but it is presented in a somewhat naive manner: Estragon and Vladimir themselves hardly known what Christianity is; they consider the Biblical story an anecdote, for they know nothing of it. Beckett seems to doubt the necessity of religion without the basic knowledge of biblical myths, which, in our days, is a highly common occurrence. Nonetheless both Estragon and Vladimir believe in the existence of Godot, whose prophet descended seven skies to deliver a message. They do question his identity and distrust his facelessness and Estragon at times is ready to quit the worthless act of waiting, but scolded by Vladimir, remains immobile. Estragon: â€Å"I cannot seem to depart.† Estragon can see the logic of renouncing this lifestyle clearly, but neither can do itShow MoreRelatedWaiting for Godot - Samuel Beckett Nothing Happens, Nobody Comes, Nobody Goes Analysis1331 Words   |  6 PagesWaiting For Godot By Samuel Beckett â€Å"Nothing happens. Nobody comes, nobody goes. It’s awful.† How far do you agree? Initially written in French in 1948 as â€Å"En Attendant Godot†, Samuel Beckett’s play was first staged in 1952, in Paris. It represents one of the most important movements of the twentieth century and is an example of the so-called â€Å"Theatre of the Absurd†, which had subsequently inspired numerous plays that were based on the idea of an illogical universe. The plot of the playRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words   |  38 Pagesopinion plays a significant role in the process. However, a certain objective standard needs to be maintained and, as in a persuasive essay, your assertions need to be proved. The formality of the review will be determined by how much of the essay is analysis, how much is summary, and how much is your reaction to the work you are reviewing. A more formal review will not only discuss the work on its own merits but also place it in context. Newspapers and popular magazines tend to review in terms of finance:

Martin Luther King Jr And Henry David Thoreau - 1393 Words

Martin Luther King Jr and Henry David Thoreau were both two important men in our society that ultimately changed things for the better or at least had some part in our stride for equality in the United States. Whether it be in the Transcendentalist Era of the early 19th century in which Thoreau composed one of the most prominent documents of his time â€Å"Civil Disobedience†, or during the 1960’s fight for racial equality in which Dr. King wrote his powerful â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, both seeked to better the ways in which the government was wrongfully treating its’ citizens. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was greatly influenced by Henry David Thoreau’s work and was very close in his position on just and unjust laws and ultimately the two were very close in their views about the government’s need for change but had different ideas on how to change them. Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr both had similar views on conscience a nd the fact that there are two sets of laws: just and unjust. Dr. King exemplifies his views on conscience when he states: â€Å"I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the very highest respect for the law† (para 20). King knows that he was wrongfully thrown in jail and accepts going to jail because he believed that eventually the community will see the injustices andShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. And Henry David Thoreau1311 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican citizens expect the authority to work â€Å"for the good of the people† and â€Å"follow in everything the general will†, however, it was not always the case, according to influential American authors and civil rights activists Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau. Although both of their works were written over a century apart, one cannot deny the fact that both of them successfully and nonviolently converted their ideology into action using different methods of civil disobedience. TheirRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesThe essays by Martin Luther King Jr., â€Å"Letters From Birmingham Jail† and Henry David Thoreau, â€Å"Civil Disobedience† show how one can be a civil person and protest against unfair, unjust laws forced upon them. Both authors are very persuasive in their letter writings. Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. write about the injustice of government laws, of right and wrong, and one’s moral and upstanding conscience of a human being. Martin Luther King Jr. is a religious, peaceful man who usesRead More Comparing Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr.933 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any one can say that a law is unfair and unjust. However, who is really willing to accept the consequences for going against an unjust law? Is breaking this law really worth the punishment? The government is the one to decide whether a law is reasonable, but what if a member of the public believes that a law is not? Should he rebel against this law? Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. answered yes to this questionRead MoreHenry David Thoreau: Great Influence to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.629 Words   |  3 PagesI strongly believe that just as Henry David Thoreau was greatly influenced by the writer Ralph Waldo Emerson, (who introduced Thoreau to the ideas of transcendentalism) Martin Luther King, Jr.s thinking was greatly influenced by that of Thoreaus. He was most probably influenced more by Indias Mahatma Gandhi; however, Gandhis principles were mainly based on those of Thoreau. Though Thoreau lived more than 100 years before the time of King, his thinking remained an influential legacy. They eachRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr., Lenard Pitts, Henry David Thoreau, And Harper Lee970 Words   |  4 Pageshow immense the situation is and how rapidly it should be dealt with, and there must be nonviolent demonstrations for superb end conclusions. There are 3 steps in order for justice to prevail which were ideas derived from Martin Luther King Jr., Lenard Pitts, Henry David Thoreau, and Harper Lee. Those three steps will be explained and discussed throughout this thesis paper. The first step is realizing or â€Å"Bearing Witness† as Lenard Pitts would say, as stated in his speech Bearing Witness â€Å"We mustRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr., Lenard Pitts, Henry David Thoreau, And Harper Lee972 Words   |  4 Pageshow immense the situation is and how rapidly it should be dealt with, and there must be nonviolent demonstrations for superb end conclusions. There are 3 steps in order for justice to prevail which were ideas derived from Martin Luther King Jr., Lenard Pitts, Henry David Thoreau, and Harper Lee. Those three steps will be explained and discussed throughout this thesis paper. The first step is realizing or â€Å"Bearing Witness† as Lenard Pitts would say, as stated in his speech Bearing Witness â€Å"We mustRead MoreHenry David Thoreau, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr.s Use of Civil Disobedience562 Words   |  2 Pagescollective means of forcing concessions from the government.† Men such as Henry David Thoreau, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr. have all used forms of civil disobedience and nonviolent protest to make changes in the world. These changes have made huge impacts on our societies and how we are able to live our everyday lives. Without these three men and their practice of civil disobedience, the world would be a very different place. Thoreau views civil disobedience as a necessity when the law causes someoneRead MoreHenry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr.s Justification of Defying Unjust Laws1820 Words   |  8 PagesHenry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr.s Justification of Defying Unjust Laws In his famous essay, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,’’ Martin Luther King, Jr. cites conscience as a guide to obeying just laws and defying unjust laws. In the same way, Henry David Thoreau wrote in his famous essay, â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† that people should do what their conscience tells them and not obey unjust laws. The positions of the two writers are very close; they use a common theme of conscience, andRead MoreCivil Disobedience, by Henry David Thoreau and Letter From Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King Jr.909 Words   |  4 Pages The essays, Civil Disobedience, by Henry David Thoreau, and Letter from a Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King, Jr., incorporate the authors’ opinions of justice. Each author efficiently shows their main point; Thoreau deals with justice as it relates to government, he asks for,†not at one no government, but at once a better government.†(Paragraph 3). King believed,† injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. (Paragraph 4). Each essay shows a valid argument for justice, but KingsRead MoreHenry David Thoreau Resistance To Civil Disobedience Analysis1508 Words   |  7 Pagescivil government by Henry David Thoreau is an essay written about his opinion on opposing the government that was taking control of people’s rights, motivating his disagreement of slavery and the Mexican-American war. Mahatma Gandhi, a leader who fought for the Indians independent movement against British. Lastly but not least, Martin Luther King Jr., the leader of the civil rights movement. Within the tree leaders, Henry David Thoreau, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr. their connections

Summary of the Film “The Smartest Guys in the Room” Free Essays

string(98) " to say escapes from Enron with 250 million \$ and becomes the 2nd largest landowner in Colorado\." ‘Enron: The Smartest Guys In The Room’ Frauds and financial scandals in the business world were before an Enron’s case and will be after it. That’s in human nature. But a chain of events lead to an enormous shock on the Wall Street and went down in history as one of the biggest business scandals. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the Film â€Å"The Smartest Guys in the Room† or any similar topic only for you Order Now For a long time sequence of events was a basis for articles and books, documental films and analytic researches. Specialties were retold and discussed by analytics. It was real human tragedy. The film ‘Enron: The Smartest Guys In The Room’ tries to answer the questions that all people somehow connected with the business world were interested in: How it could happened? What are the reasons and who is responsible for that? The film tries to lift the veil. From the beginning of the film it is clearly stated that the Enron case is exceptional. Working in a field of energy and power, having reputation of ‘unsinkable’ ship and demonstrating fascinating financial results, Enron dramatically collapsed almost in a day. But the beginning of this story is bright and ambitious. Enron represents a company of great promise. The first seconds of the film represent an end of it: John Cliff Baxter committed a suicide, being heartbroken with what was happened. And it was a conviction of the fraud that was happened. After this crucial episode, viewers come to the best years of the Enron. It is a seventh largest corporation in America, valued 70 billion $. It is an innovative business with absolutely new business model. But how it starts? It starts with Ken Lay, who comes to the story of Enron from humble roots. His father is a Baptist minister and their life is rather poor. Probably, his background plays an integral role in having huge ambitions to make wealth of him. Ken Lay wants to change a market of power and energy. He convinces that government is not a solution but a problem to the business. In other words, he involves in the idea of deregulations. Not only he but other participants of a power and energy business share this outlook. A tendency to deregulations starts to develop in 1985 and in this very moment the Enron is founded. Kay Lay thinks that it would be beneficial for his new company that gas prices float with the currents of the market. That is the power of deregulations. An important episode of Enron is a contribution to the presidential campaign of George Bush, who lately helps to secure money in government subsidies and to promote Ken Lay with idea of deregulations. Trading in oil market considers as a very risky business. But Enron always wins. Even then an improbable success gives a rise to doubt about legality of Enron’s business. Illegal actions start with the president of Enron Louis Borget, who takes about 3 billion $ of corporate funds in his personal account with the help of a treasurer Mastroeni and his phony books. When the rumors become too strong, Mastroeni discloses real books and it becomes clear that all reserves of Enron are gambled away. This tremendous news is hidden by the bluffing of the market and that is how Enron stays afloat. But a little later Enron is forced to disclose the information about those manipulations and all guilt is focused on Mastreoni and Borget. Mastreoni receives a suspended sentence, Borget spends 1 year in a prison. So who will make money now? The second period of Enron’s history is connected with Skilling, who is a person with the biggest ideas of all. He is a great visionary as a Ken Lay. It is he who comes up with a new idea: make energy a financial instrument like stocks and bonds. And it is like an explosion in the industry. Enron becomes a genius of the industry. All employees are proud of being working in Enron. It is worth mentioning, that it is a moment when SEC approved an implementation of a mark-to-market accounting approach, which allows estimating assets of the company by a market price and not by a real. It also allows booking potential profit as it is already gained before money comes to Enron. That is the first almost unobservable alarm bell to a room for unethical actions and frauds. If to speak about work environment, it is clearly seen that Skilling is an unconstrained leader. Interesting fact of his power is that when he stops wearing glasses, everyone in the company does the same. But the culture that is cultivated is aggressive and tough, like in a wild nature with the basic instincts of survival of the fittest. Skilling is convinced that money is the only thing that motivates people. He wants employees to show him great results, great profit. Therefore, traders are encouraged to gamble. Making money no matter what the methods are used. Skilling also implements a system of evaluation of employees and every employee who does not meet the demand of Skilling’s vision is fired. As a result of this system, turnover index is 15% that is really negatively impressive. Skiling’s vision of people is based on the theory of ‘People with spikes’. Only extraordinary and exceptional people deserve his attention and respect. The list of people consists of Ken Rice who is a salesman of Enron; John Cliff Baxter who is very talented but prone to depression (as viewers of the film know, that will be a fatal point in his future). The list continued with Lou Pai – a key skilling lieutenant, working in one of the business units of Enron – Enron Energy Services (EES). His activity is wrapped in a mystery; employees even call him ‘Invisible CEO’. Lou Pai is highly motivated by money. When he loses interest in his work in Enron, put another way, when he achieves a marginal profit, he leaves or better to say escapes from Enron with 250 million $ and becomes the 2nd largest landowner in Colorado. You read "Summary of the Film â€Å"The Smartest Guys in the Room†" in category "Papers" The next stage of Enron is connected with its stocks that are being increased significantly day by day. Everyone wants to play in the market because prices go up and up; there is an illusion that it will never end. The heading of this time is ‘A new day a new record’. By all means, these records have a direct impact on a profit of Enron, which gets higher and higher. But how they get these numbers? It is a questionable issue. In the books everything goes perfect but in reality it was quite the opposite. At this time Enron invests in India that is unreasonably risky. And they fails because India could not afford to pay for the power which Enron offers. As it is said in the fim ‘Failure was not an option’. Hence, Enron hides nsuccessful results in India, continuing show artificial bright results. Later, a merger with electrical company makes it possible for Enron to come into a new deregulated market of California. The company shows unrealistic results: stock price are soared by 34% in 2 days. Analysts were blinded to the doubtful information that is already occ urred. It is not an unfortunate occurrence, but it will be disclosed only later. Enron diversifies its activities; in particular, it covers a new market of broadband. But it does not work. It is a mark-to-market accounting that helps Enron to book revenues as it is wanted to be. In reality there are not any revenues. And that is the moment when executives of Enron begin to understand a certainty of collapse; they start to sale their stocks. In other words, they leave a sinking ship. The end is coming. In 2001 dotcom companies undergo massive difficulties whereas Enron is a shining star of an American economy. It is named as the â€Å"most admired† corporation by Fortune magazine. But Enron is a black box. Nobody knows how exactly money is made. Suspicions of falsification of financial statements begin to occur. The next key figure in the Enron’s case is Andy Fostow who is a financial officer. He is motivated by a future career. He tries to please Skilling and therefore he hides debts in artificial companies and handles finance so that stock prices continue to going up. Moreover, he encourages 96 individual banks to put their money in LGM (Andy’s artificial company) to somehow change Enron’s situation. Why respectful banks do not suspect illegality? Analytics suppose that they do suspect, but agree to give money because Andy Fastow plays on their greed. They are ‘useful idiots’. Actions cross the line when Skilling responds unethically to one reporter. It is already seeable that Skilling starts to lose his countenance. He does not know how to keep stock prices high. Meanwhile, one more illegal chance to keep Enron’s stock prices takes place. It is called ‘California’. Enron produces an energy crisis. Blackouts take plays; as a result a demand on electricity is soared and so do the prices. Consequently, Enron gets money. These manipulations lead to a lot of domestic problems of citizens of California but nothing changes. During this part, there is a comparison of Enron’s activity in California with Milgram’s experiment which is quite remarkable. Both ‘experiments’ are about how people can be convinced to do something morally wrong if a person in authority tells them it is his responsibility and he will not be blamed. As in the Milgram’s experiment Enron continues to manipulate with electricity and things become worse and worse. People understand that nothing is left to accident, they blame Enron in this; desperate protests take place. In this time George Bush becomes a president of the USA and therefore with the old beneficial relations Enron does have an easy access to the administration. As a consequence, government does not interfere in the Californian difficulties. People stop believe in Enron and its stocks begin to fall. In this moment Skilling suddenly announces that he resigns from Enron. Employees take this is as a betrayal. One of the employees – Sherron Watkins becomes aware of the fraud that takes place at Enron. She tries to speak with Ken Lay but he does nothing. Meanwhile Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) starts an investigation and discovers that in reality millions of assets are millions of debts. And it is Andy Fostow who is blamed by all Enrons’ executives for falsifications. It is interesting to note that the same situation was with Borget and Mastreoni in the early 1990s. The end comes in 2001 when Enron declares a bankruptcy. Employees feel that they are on the sinking whip without lifeboats. They lose everything. Cliff Baxter commits a suicide 7 months later. Concerning tragic specialities, $ 1,2 billion in retirement funds and $2 billion in pension funds are disappeared in a matter of weeks. 20,000 employees lose their jobs. Ken Lay and Skilling are under a precise look of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The congressional committees launch court proceedings. It is the end of the film ‘Enron: The Smartest Guys In The Room’. Enron’s tragedy is often compared with Titanic. And that is not just empty words. In both cases there were a lot of warnings of possible danger but ‘ships’ continue a full-speed running. In both cases there were great opportunities but then a combination of human errors and hubris lead to a fatal meltdown. The fall of Enron is a story not only about people but about whole system, consisting of government, financial and business institutions, conditions and relations. All participants in fraudulent actions have their share of a pie. That is why this story is called ‘a story of synergetic corruption’. I am absolutely fascinated by this film, to be precise, by a scale of greed and addiction to money and power. Understanding that characters of this film are the real people and all actions that were showed really took place makes me fascinated even more. To my mind, Enron case is not an aberration; it is a consequence of way of living. It is a ‘dark shadow of the American dream’ as it is said in the film. Therefore, it can be repeated. And it can be us who would be affected by manipulations. That really boggles the mind. How to cite Summary of the Film â€Å"The Smartest Guys in the Room†, Papers

Food chain free essay sample

Anything which we eat to live is called food. Food contains energy. The food (or energy) can be transferred from one organism to the other through food chains. The starting point of a food chain is a category of organisms called producers. Producers are, in fact, plants. So, we can say that all the food chains begin with a green plant (or grass) which is the original source of all food. Let us take an example to understand the meaning of food chain. Suppose there is a field having a lot of green plants (or producers of food). Now, plants can be eaten up by a rat. The rat, in turn, can be eaten up by a cat. And finally, the cat can be eaten up by a dog. So, we find that there is a sequence (or order) in which one organism eats up the other organism (or consumes the other organism) to fill its belly. The sequence of living organisms in a community, in which one organism consumes another organism to transfer food energy, is called a food chain. In simple words, a list of organisms (living beings) showing who eats whom is called a food chain. Let us make this point more clearly by taking the example of a simple food chain operating in a grassland or forest. In a grassland or forest, there is a lot of grass (which are green plants). This grass is eaten up by animals like deer. And this deer is then consumed (eaten up) by a lion. This simple food chain operating in a grassland or forest can be represented as: Grass Deer Lion (Producer) (Herbivore) (Carnivore) This food chain tells us that grass is the starting point of this food chain. The grass is eaten up by deer and the deer is then eaten up by a lion. In this food chain, grass is the producer organism which uses sunlight energy to prepare food like carbohydrates by the process of photosynthesis. This grass is then consumed by a herbivore called deer. And the deer is consumed by a carnivore called lion. The above food chain can be represented more clearly with the help of a diagram as follows. More Examples of Food Chains : In the food chain that we have discussed above, there are three organisms involved in it: grass, deer and lion, so it is said to be a food chain having three steps or three links. The same grassland has many other food chains operating in it which can have different number of steps. Let us take the example of a grassland food chain having four steps or four links. In a grassland ecosystem, grass is eaten by insects; the insects are eaten by frog; and the frog is then eaten by birds. This is a grassland food chain involving four organisms (or four steps) which can be represented as follows: Grasslnsect Frog Bird (Producer) (Herbivore) (Carnivore) (Top carnivore or large carnivore) The above food chain can be represented more clearly with the help of pictures of all the organisms involved as follows: Please note that in this food chain grass is the producer. The insect (herbivore) is the primary consumer; the frog (small carnivore) is the secondary consumer whereas the bird (top carnivore or large carnivore) is the tertiary consumer. Another four-step food chain operating in grassland is: Plants Worms Birds Cat (Producer) (Herbivore) (Carnivore) (Top carnivore) ecosystem) like a pond, lake, or sea (ocean). In a pond, lake or sea ecosystem, the algae are eaten up by protozoa; the protozoa are eaten up by small fish; and the small fish is eaten up by big fish. This aquatic food chain can be represented as: Algae Protozoa Small Fish Big Fish (Phytoplankton) (Zooplankton) (Carnivore) (Large carnivore) (Producer) (Herbivore) Please note that in a pond, lake or ocean ecosystem, the producer is a minute organism called algae and protozoa is the minute herbivore. Each organism (or living eing) occupies a specific position in the food chain. For example, grass, deer and lion occupy specific positions in the food chain: Grass Deer Lion Another point to be noted is that one organism (or same organism) can occur in more than one food chains. For example, in the forest food chains, a deer may be consumed by a lion as well as by a Jackal: Grass Deer Jackal So, the same organism, deer, occurs in the food chains of lion as well as that of Jackal. The organisms representing producers and consumers in a food chain give a definite structure to an ecosystem. Food Web : A large number of food chains exist in a community of living organisms in an ecosystem such as grassland, a forest, a pond or a crop-field. Many of these food chains are inter-connected by species (organisms) which occur in more than one food chain. The inter-connected food chains operating in an ecosystem which establish a network of relationships between various species, is called a food web. In simple words, the network of a large number of food chains existing in an ecosystem is called a food web. The food web has many intercrosses and linkages among the various species (producers and consumers) present in it. This means that the various food chains in an ecosystem do not operate in isolation (or alone). In this food web, we can see a network of numerous pathways along which the food (or energy) flows within grassland community. This food web starts from the plants which is a producer and ends in top carnivore hawk (baaz). There are as many as six food chains operating in the food web shown above which have been marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. 1. In the 1st food chain, plants are eaten by rabbit and then rabbit is eaten by hawk: Plants Rabbit Hawk 2. In the 2nd food chain, plants are eaten by mice (or rats) and the mice are eaten by awks: Plants Mice Hawk 3. In the 3rd food chain, plants are eaten by mice; mice are eaten by snakes and then snakes are consumed by hawks: Plants Mice Snake Hawk 4. In the 4th food chain, plants are eaten by seed-eating birds and the seed-eating birds are consumed by hawks: Plants Seed-eating Bird Hawk 5. In the 5th food chain, plants are eaten up by grasshopper and the grasshopper is consumed by hawks: Plants Grasshopper Hawk 6. In the 6th food chain, plants are eaten by grasshopper, grasshopper is eaten by frog, frog is eaten by snake and then snake is consumed by hawk: Plants Grasshopper Frog Snake Hawk

Micro Level Language Policy for Teaching- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMicro Level Language Policy for Teaching. Answer: Language Policy The development of macro language policies for countries and governments, together with nation-state level, is related to language planning and policy. Outside countries and government, language policies and planning, may also be present in communities, business establishments, institutions of learning, and education research institutes. The inclusion of language planning and policy outside government and countries leads to the development of language needs by these institutions. Such inclusion is due to the occurrence, at the micro-level, of policy planning (Baldauf 2005). In the education research institutes and the institutions of learning language, students needs can be catered for by developing micro language planning. The development of micro language planning is done by improving the language skills of the students with the involvement of teachers. The development of micro language policy is not smooth sailing as it seems, many issues and problems often arise hence hindering t his implementation. This paper discusses some of these problems and issues which arise during the implementation of language policy. Policy actors, nonetheless, can use several ways to solve and mitigate these language planning and policy issues. The issues can be mitigated because there are many an implication that can be used to improve the adoption of the micro-language policy and planning. An assessment of the literature on language planning and policy is necessary before embarking on the problems which affect its implementation. The review of the literature will enable us to understand the basis and contexts of the problems for the implementation of developed policy. Covering the framework that was used to develop the micro and macro policies is also necessary for understanding the context. Literature Review Language planning has been defined by Baldauf (2005) as the modifications, both organized and intentional, to a language. This modification of the language often occurs among a similar group of persons, in countries, or in governments who have a common language. This attempt to give the meaning of language planning also concludes that language policies come as a result of language planning by educational specialists and by countries. This explanation relates language policy to its planning. Language policy and planning relation are meant for language modification through the amalgamation of processes, ideologies, rules, and regulations (Kaplan Baldauf, 1997). Further relation of the two is seen when official and unofficial government papers meant for language planning contain policies on language (Baldauf, 2005). A well-made framework is what guides all the aspects of planning, for example, corpus and status planning, involved in language planning. These aspects of planning are asso ciated with features of languages. Other aspects of planning include the prestige planning which labels the appearance of a language and acquisition planning which involves the; learning of a new language. Language planning is a complex aspect which can take place in many levels starting from a large aspect to a small aspect. Language planning can take place at the micro and macro levels (Kaplan Baldauf, 1997). The focus of this essay is on one of these levels of planning; the micro level hence the descriptions and the deliberations found therein will be based on micro level planning. Macro level is often thought to give rise to the micro level of planning, but this is not the case. Micro level planning is a different aspect which is focused on governments, countries, focus individuals, educational institutions, and groups with similar objectives. These groups hatch a plan to exploit and advance language policies which are not related to macro policies. The language policies based on micro-planning are a reaction by the groups because of the problems of their existing languages (Baldauf, 2005). This, in itself, shows the difference between micro policy and macro policy. There are many factors and groups of people who are involved in micro planning. These groups range from large institutions of learning to other stakeholders such as education organizations. Because of the many players and organizations involved, micro-planning is often in many different shapes and forms (Baldauf, 2005). Different groups implement the policies differently hence the outcomes are often varied. In his study, Baldauf found out of a different micro planning when the postgraduate students he was assessing used the frameworks that have been introduced before. The different micro planning aspects as a result of use of different frameworks by the groups which are involved in the language policy and planning. The postgraduate students mentioned came up with different micro planning policies due to the application of the different structure of planning. Some of the examples used by the students and the frameworks they used to come up with them have been indicated in this essay. The postgradu ate students gave some reasonings behind their choosing of this kind of framework which gave rise to different micro planning policies. The use of the different framework was necessitated so that they could achieve their aims. One of their reasons was so that they could find support materials which were to be used planning. This is known as corpus planning as it involves the collections of writings to be used in a particular task. The other reason was prestige planning which is the labeling of the appearance of a language so as to promote them. The final reason was the planning of language-in-education so that it could develop the language abilities in their workforce (Balduaf, 2005). Problems Affecting Implementation of Language Policies This essay aims to understand the context of language problems affecting an English language center in Saudi University in the United Arab Emirates. This context can also apply to other English language centers in the region. This essay aims to come up with the resolutions to these complications faced by the center. The English learning centers such as the one in Saudi University were established mainly to give students who were interested in learning the English language an opportunity where they can learn and advance their English skills. Most of these centers are based on informal settings hence they give learners an outside-class experience in improving learning skills. In this center, the teachers and the students themselves help each other to advance their language skills. Such centers are also developed to assist students to be proficient in the English language to help in their quest of joining institutions of higher learning. In this language policy in the learning centers, the main players are the head of these institutions since they make the policies. The teachers are also seen to be the main players since they are responsible for developing the planning of the policy made by the institution heads. The tutors provide their suggestions and expertise in generating the language policy. Many problems arise as the teachers and the heads of the learning centers roll out policy plans. The problems faced by the tutors and the institution heads arise when they are implementing the policies in the learning centers. The problems faced by the tutors and the heads are as a result of planning and implementation of language policy. The role of teachers in attracting students to these institutions can lead to a rise in problems. Since most of the students are used to speaking in their native languages outside the classroom, it creates a challenge to the implementation of language policy. Some of the programs taught in these institutions are offered in times which conflict to the real programs of the other courses, and this can prove challenging since the students have to choose one to attend. The students often prioritize their regular programs hence creating problems for language planning implementation. Additionally, problems can arise due to the use of improper materials and weak teaching methods used by tutors during the program, the goals of the learning program are also unclear leading to the use of a weak curriculum of teaching. Finally, the tutors and the managers, due to societal behavior and other factors, fail to take into account the students suggestions and needs when they are looking for ways to improve the program. Such a failure to listen to the students often result in a poor utilization of the program by students and hence do not lead to the improvement in their language skills. As previously seen, most of the problems arise from the way the teachers and the heads of the institutions implement the program. One of the notable problems that arises due to this implementation is the approaches and methods used by these teachers. The teachers use methods which are similar to normal programs hence most of the students get bored with the program since it extends the same monotony of the classroom programs. As seen, the objectives of the program are not well defined and are not communicated to the students. This is a problem in that the students do not consider the objectives when taking the program. One significant problem, however, is that the players of the policy implementation do not take in the students suggestions on how best to implement the program. For a program to succeed, it must take in the feedback from the students since they are the one whom the program is meant for. The goal of the program is to improve the skills of the students and to do that; it should get their input on how they can improve their English skills. Solutions to the Problems Affecting Language Policy Implementation For proper implementation of the language policy, the tutors and schools heads should tackle the problems facing the implementation. There exist some ways in which the problems facing the language implementation can be tackled, or at least, mitigated. For an effective policy to be implemented, the problems must be tackled. The proposed enhancements should be factored in by the tutors and the institution heads so that the English learning center can implement a successful policy. The tutors and the heads can team up with the students to ensure that they implement the English language policy (Baldauf Li, 2008). The instructors at the English learning center should play a part in making the appearance of the English language attractive to learners. The tutors should demonstrate why learning English is important to the students since language skills are important in todays contemporary world. The students should know that will get more opportunities and more skill if the attend the program which they will not gain in their normal program. The tutors also need to make the English language look attractive to the students so that many of the students can enroll in the course. They should also encourage the students to promote the program by telling their colleagues about the advantages of the program and by coming up with other ways of promoting the program. This can be achieved by telling the students the objectives of the program and the aims of the program. These aims and objectives can then be placed on the notice boards around the institution so that other students can see and enroll. An important solution to the problems facing the program implementation is factoring in the students suggestions and needs so that the students can continue attending the program. The different planning methods should be applied to ensure that they students keep attending the program. Regarding gathering the materials used in the program, the tutors and policy heads who are responsible for the enactment of the curriculum used in the program should carefully select the materials that will be of benefit to the students and which factor in the needs of the students and the needs of the job market. The syllabus used should improve the language and communication skills of the students. The program heads should also make sure that the tutors are well trained and are conversant with the goals of the program. The tutors should use materials which bring out the best in the students. There should be open communication between the tutors and the students who are in the program and with those wh o want to join the program. The students should play a big role in the development of the curriculum used in the program. The students should have a say on what is to be taught in the in the program, what materials should be used, the materials they deem effective, and how the tutors should improve. The students should be given evaluation forms where they can suggest ways improve the programs, what is wrong with the program, and anyway, the program can be made to be effective. The institution heads and the instructors should factor in the students needs so that the program can achieve the maximum benefit to the students. Questionnaires and surveys are important to be taken by all the stakeholders to get feedback on the English learning program and to find new ways of improving the program. The questionnaires should be given to the students at the end of each semester. Education specialists should be called in to give their views on how the program should be modified so that the students can benefit maximum from the program. As seen already, explaining the objectives of the program to the students will enable them to gain a lot of the course. Surveys are to get input so that the program can be improved. By giving out the questionnaires and the surveys and enabling the students to have to say on how the program should be, will improve the reception of the program on the students who will see it as more engaging than the usual traditional programs offered at the institution. To conclude, this essay has looked into how an English learning center has started a program on micro policy planning, the problems the institution faces in the implementation of the program, and the solutions to the problems being faced by the institution. Players in policy implementation should be aware of the problems and come up with ways of mitigating them to improve the program. To solve the mentioned problems, the essay came up with many solutions in which the institution can implement so that it can improve the policy implementation in the English learning center. Solving these problems will lead to the effectiveness of the problem in developing students language skills and giving them an edge over their colleagues who did not attend the program. The solutions to the problems and the recommendations on how to improve the program should be taken into consideration by the tutors and the school heads so that they can improve the implementation of language policy. References Baldauf Jr., Richard B. (2005). Language planning and policy research: An overview. InEli Hinkel(Ed.),Handbook of research on second language teaching and learning(pp.957-970)Mahwah, NJ, U.S.A.:L. Erlbaum Associates. Baldauf Jr., Richard B. (2005). Micro language planning. InPaul Bruthiaux,Dwight Atkinson,William Eggington,William GrabeandVaidehi Ramanathan(Ed.),Directions in Applied Linguistics: Essays in Honor of Robert B. Kaplan(pp.227-239)Clevedon, U.K.:Multilingual Matters. Baldauf Jr., Richard B., Li, Minglin and Zhao, Shouhui (2008). Language acquisition management inside and outside the school. InB. SpolskyandF. Hult(Ed.),Handbook of educational linguistics(pp.233-250)New York, U.S.:Springer. Baldauf Jr., Richard B. (2008). Rearticulating the case for micro language planning in a language ecology context. InAnthony J. LiddicoatandRichard B. Baldauf Jr.(Ed.),Language planning and policy: Language planning in local contexts(pp.18-41)Clevedon, U.K.:Multilingual Matters. Chua, C. S. K., Baldauf, R. B. Jr. (2011). Micro language planning In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook of research on second language teaching and learning (pp. 936-951). New York; London: Routledge. Hamid, M. O., Baldauf, R. B. Jr. (2014). Public-private domain distinction as an aspect of LPP frameworks: A case study of Bangladesh. Language Problems Language Planning, 39(2), 192-210. Kaplan, Robert B. and Baldauf Jr., Richard B.Language and language-in-education planning in the Pacific Basin.Dordrecht; Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.